e-Learning Resources

01 Personal Needs and Development across Lifespan

Physical, intellectual, emotional and social developments

 
Physical
  • Growth : changes in appearance, body shape and weight
  • Development in one's physical skills: gross motor skills (e.g. running) and fine motor skills (e.g.writing)
Intellectual
  • Development of the ability to memorize, reason, analyze and make rational decisions
  • including language development and cognitive development
Emotional
  • Development of the ability to recognize and express emotions properly, including joy, anger, grief, fear and frustration
  • Development of the ability to cope with stress, worries and depression in daily life
Social
  • Development of the ability to establish and maintain good relationships with others

 

Theories of Development

 
Piaget’s theory of cognitive development
  • Sensorimotor
  • Preoperational
  • Concrete operational
  • Formal operational
Freud’s theory of psychosexual development
  • Oral Stage
  • Anal Stage
  • Phallic Stage
  • Latency Stage
  • Genital Stage
Erikson’s theory of psychosocial development
  • Trust versus mistrust
  • Autonomy versus shame and doubt
  • Initiative versus guilt
  • Industry versus inferiority
  • Identity versus role confusion
  • Intimacy versus isolation
  • Generativity versus stagnation
  • Integrity versus despair
Kohlberg’s theory of moral development Pre-conventional Level
  • Stage 1 punishment-obedience orientation
  • Stage 2 instrumental-relativist orientation
Conventional Level
  • Stage 3 interpersonal-concordance orientation
  • Stage 4 authority and social order-maintaining orientation
Post-Conventional Level
  • Stage5 social-contract legalistic orientation
  • Stage 6 universal ethical principle orientation

 Attachment

  • Secure attachment
  • Ambivalent attachment
  • Avoidant attachment

Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs

  • Maslow’s Hierarchy of Human Needs: physiological needs, safety needs, love and belongingness needs, esteem needs, need for self-actualisation

Self-concept

  • Self-image – how one perceives and understands oneself
  • Ideal self – a person that one would like to be
  • Self-esteem – how one feels and judges oneself

Socialisation

  • The lifelong process of acquiring values, skills and behaviours expected of individuals as a member of a particular society. 

Socialising agents

  • Primary Socialisation – family, with parents, siblings and relatives
  • Secondary Socialisation – friends or peers outside home
  • Tertiary Socialisation – other formal groups in the society

Family

  • A social group linked by consanguinity or marriage

Parenting Style

  • Neglecting
  • Permissive
  • Authoritarian
  • Authoritative

Life events

  • Anticipated
  • Unanticipated

Five stages of grief (Kübler-Ross)

  • Denial
  • Anger
  • Bargaining
  • Depression
  • Acceptance

 

Coping and resilience

  • Coping strategies: dealing with (1) emotion and (2) problem
  • Positive thinking (Barrie Hopson)
  • Rational and irrational beliefs (Ellis)
  • ABC Model of Ellis - ‘A’ =Activating Events; ‘B’= Beliefs.; ‘C’= Consequent Emotions

Latest Update: October 2019

Power-point

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Booklet

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Family Health Service Department of Health

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Family Life Education Resource Centre

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Tasks & Worksheets (Coming Soon)

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Assessing my learning

What are the important features of personal growth and development at various stages of life?
What are the factors affecting personal growth and development?
How do human relationships influence personal growth and development?
How do life events influence personal growth and development?

Note-taking Tools

One Note
Docs

My Data Bank

One Drive
Google Drive

Collaboration Platform

Google Sites
schoology

Presentation Tools

Google Slides
Sway
Some examples of self-study tools for studying HMSC are listed above. They are not learning materials. Users need to upload relevant content to the relevant learning platforms for self-study purposes.