HMSC 健康管理與社會關懷 Health Management and Social Care

Developing and Implementing Policies
Factors leading to the differences in polices in different countries	Local economy – economic conditions affect the amount of resources to be allocated Global economy and world financial organisations e.g. World Bank Social context e.g. famine Private-public debates and tensions e.g. privatization of health and care services Social value and political concerns e.g. smoking policy Cultural understandings of health and social care and its implication on policies
Demands for new policies	Emerging problems, e.g. outbreak of a disease
	Changing needs of individuals, families and communities Increasing demand for services	Demographic changes and the implications for the needs of care services e.g. birth and death rate, life expectancy, ageing population, etc. - care sector expansion, increasing health and care expenditure
	Improving effectiveness or efficiency Reducing inequalities
Instruments of policies	taxation legislation promotion / education
Formulating health and social policies	Roles of the World Health Organization (WHO) and local Non-governmental Organisations (NGOs) in the process and cycle of public policy making – identification (problem / need), formulation, adoption, implementation and evaluation

Conflicting agendas		Conflicting direction and potentials
Private vs. public responsibility	Expansion of public sector due to the increasing demand for health and care services Concerns for public expenditure on care sector Degree / extent of personal role on health and social care	Financing principles – percentage to be paid by users and tax payers
Social services	Within healthcare system – (1) primary care vs secondary / tertiary care (2) public sector vs private sector Within social welfare system - different target groups: which group needs more support and care? Within organisations /agencies - balance the costs within organisations： staff cost, facilities and equipment investment, quality of services maintenance, services expansion etc.	Priorities of resource allocation to related parties and organisations Cost-effectiveness vs. clients’ satisfaction

Cultural and political disagreements

Cultural disagreement	Contrasting Chinese and Western cultural understandings of health and illness: health consciousness, different attitudes towards seeking helps for health and social needs
Political disagreement	The debates and practical / political conflicts between the roles of the individuals (private sector) and the public or government in the provision of social care and health services responsibility of the government e.g. Medical charges Competitive or complementary roles between the public sector and the private sector Privatisation
The emphasis of clients’ right and involvement	Traditional professional power were seen as authoritative Clients have more awareness of their rights and involve more in the decision making

Tensions among different institutions

Tensions	Competing for clients or resources Different visions, expectations and perspectives during the collaborations
Resultant crisis in service delivery	Quality of services decline/ malpractice Ineffective use or waste of resources Obstruct the coordinated service delivery that best fit the clients Health and social care policies not endorsed due to political disagreements
Possible solutions	develop relevant policies to cultivate partnership and collaboration among institutions

Power-point

Details

Assessing my learning

How does a society/nation promote health and social care?

How does a society consider the allocation of resources?

What are the factors affecting the development of a policy?

Note-taking Tools

One Note
Docs

My Data Bank

One Drive
Google Drive

Collaboration Platform

Google Sites
schoology

Presentation Tools

Google Slides
Sway