HMSC 健康管理與社會關懷 Health Management and Social Care

Domestic Violence
Form	physical abuse sexual abuse psychological abuse deprivation neglect
Target	spouse battering child abuse elderly abuse

Factors Leading to Domestic Violence
Society	societal factors such as the cultural norms that give absolute authority and power to male over female
Community	organizations outside the family, including schools, companies, religious organizations, hospitals and community centres, in which domestic violence can be effectively discovered and intervened
Interpersonal Relationship / Family	how social relationships, e.g. family relationship, increase the risk for violence
Individual	biological factors and personal history causing domestic violence, including the individual’s psychological response and characteristics such as impulsiveness

Impacts on Holistic Health (e.g. elderly abuse)
Physical	Death or physical injuries due to physical abuse Complications or degeneration due to the neglect
Social	Social withdrawal due to the feeling of shame or unwilling to disclose family problems to others Poor social relationships within or outside the family due to the family conflicts
Mental	Physical or any forms of abuse are stressors Low self-image and self-esteem due to the loss of control or being victimized Negative emotional health status or depression or due to the unhealthy relationships with the abusers

Support and Services Available for Individuals and Families
Primary prevention	Aims: To arouse public concern on domestic violence and promote family harmony Example: family life education
Secondary prevention	Aims: to identify risk factors of violence and provide surveillance, early identification and intervention Example: referral (immediate referrals from healthcare professionals and social workers when they identify the signs of abuse in check-ups or counseling)
Tertiary prevention	Aims: to reduce relapse and casualty of domestic violence e.g. shelter home, crisis Intervention and support centre

Update: October 2020

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