HMSC 健康管理與社會關懷 Health Management and Social Care

Interpersonal Relationships


Types of relationships	family relationship friends and peer relationship intimate relationship workplace relationship
Positive effects on personal development	Physical development: satisfies physiological needs (e.g. care provided by parents) Intellectual development: facilitates learning through social interactions (e.g. co-construction of knowledge) Emotional development: provides emotional support to satisfy human needs of security and love Social development: provides social support that helps solve the crisis and increases the capacity to cope with crises
Negative effects on personal development	Physical development: leads to injuries / delayed growth and development in abuses Intellectual development: discourages independent thinking and personal judgement Emotional development: leads to stress, negative self-concept or low self-esteem Social development: leads to social withdrawal or isolation / antisocial behaviour
Loneliness	Social loneliness - social isolation / lack of friends Emotional loneliness – lack of attachment and intimacy

Changes


Changes of human relationships across lifespan	Interpersonal relationships change in response to the transition of different life stages child-parent relationships, sibling relationships relationships outside the nuclear family (friendship, courtship, working relationship) Development of interpersonal relationships: initial, stable, intimate and ending phases

Family relationship


Changes that occur in families throughout the life cycle	Independence Marriage Parenting Interdependence
The linkages between the nuclear and the extended family	Nuclear family - a couple living with their dependent children in the same residence Extended family - couples live with original families Linkages - depend on parents of original families for child care and social support
Factors affecting Sibling relationships	Number Gender combination Age gap

Friends and peer relationship


Peer groups	Meeting social and emotional needs Self-understanding/ self-disclosure
Group conformity	Reasons	Peer pressure Avoid social conflicts Reluctance to be isolated Need recognition or support from their peers
Group conformity	Impacts	With peer support, it is easier to adopt healthy lifestyles and appropriate social behavior (positive) Practice dangerous behaviour to avoid being isolated / rejected (negative) Discourage self-assertiveness / independent thinking / personal judgment (negative)

Intimate relationship

Workplace relationship


Types	Independent Dependent Competing Conflicting
Conflict management / conflict resolution strategies	Avoiding Competing Accommodating Compromising Collaborating

Latest Update: October 2019

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